Germany and Sweden as Cmes

How much would you see Germany and Sweden as composed market economies? 1. Presentation In a time where internationalism is contemporary, it has gotten urgent for nations to change advertises and remodel conventional structures. This is especially significant for nations whose social qualities and monetary connections depend on open coordination. This exposition will investigate how much we think about Germany and Sweden as present day facilitated advertise economies, and the progressions achieved in ongoing decades.To survey the progressions we will take a gander at patterns in worker's guild and employers’ affiliation cooperations, aggregate haggling changes, preparing frameworks corrections, reestablishments in corporate administration and variances of pay imbalance; first by revealing the essentials in every component and afterward assessing their solidness according to globalization. 1. 1 What is a planned market economy (CME)?Being one of the wings of private enterprise in which modern relations and financial conditions are estimated, as Bamber, Lansbury and Wailes (2011) state, CMEs can be utilized as â€Å"an approach for comparing†¦different nations, [with this examination, it permits us] the comprehension of assembly or potentially divergence† between various economies. What's more, in every one of the key components we referenced, organizations in CMEs resolve issues through social, non-advertise based techniques and the result will be firmly needy upon co-activity with supporting establishments. . 1 Past predominance of worker's organizations and employers’ affiliations A key component of a CME is the strength of employers’ affiliation and worker's organizations inside the country’s modern relations; both Germany and Sweden have had a serious extent of centralization during the 1980s. Worker's guilds were an incredible, going about as agent for work in huge companies and furthermore middle people of work among work and employers.A regular trademark is that the worker's organizations in the two nations oversee foundations for all work interest; Hancke (1996) states that in Germany, seventy five percent â€Å"of the individuals from works boards are endorsers and they arrange activities with the worker's guild segments (Vertrauensleute). In Sweden, nearby â€Å"shopfloor clubs† (Verkstadsklubben) not just arrange organization concurrences with the firm†¦[but also] enlist each recently showed up worker†.On the other hand, employers’ affiliations were likewise very much overseen in the two nations for a long post-war period; German industry alliances can approve private firms that are even no longer piece of focal game plans on cases associated with aggregate dealing, representative preparing and other social strategies. In Sweden, Kurzer (1993) finds, â€Å"large organizations in the fare area are a piece of budgetary aggregates holding, which considers high coord ination limits among huge firms†. 2. 2 Recent patterns in membershipsHowever, the two nations have gotten less gathered in the ongoing decades as both have encountered less association and affiliation densities for the huge individualization of undertakings and the falling fame of aggregate understandings †presently with the general public seeing less estimation of gathering exchanges, which makes the modern relations less smaller contrasted with previously. In Germany, both employers’ affiliations and worker's organizations have been encountering a droop in the quantity of individuals since late 1990s.This is especially apparent in ventures from Eastern Germany, where numerous associations have surrendered or get hesitant to join affiliations and took inclination in organization level arrangements. Shroeder and Silvia (2007) utilize the Metals Industry Employers’ Association to epitomize that work thickness in Eastern Germany has fallen more seriously than Western Germany. We can see from the chart beneath that since 1992, the level of Eastern affiliation thickness has diminished significantly from over 65%, down to under 25% in a decade.After the German unification, endorsers have obviously declined, Eurofound (2009) shows that â€Å"from 1991 to 1998, German Trade Unions lost just about 3. 5 million members†. Most of these abdications were seen as eastern German work, Eurofound states, â€Å"leaving the associations as a result of joblessness and frustrate with the western-type unionism†. Information from the Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD, 2013) further shows the descending slanting of German Trade Unionists thickness since 1999; from 25. 3% it has gotten off to 18. 8% in 2009.The primary driver for this pattern is because of the loss of conventional prevailing organization enrollments in assembling ventures and open divisions, compounded by issues in convincing more youthful age in the ex tending administration enterprises inside private segment. Consequently, the estimation of aggregate understandings has been raised doubt about as it is getting very hard to emphatically arrange the relations between employers’ affiliations and worker's guilds. This is overwhelming in â€Å"a developing number of private administrations industries†, Eurofound educates, where â€Å"concluding aggregate understandings at all has demonstrated to be progressively troublesome or not realizable†.Unlike Germany, Sweden then again has managed a lot higher recorded thickness in worker's organization individuals which endured late decay however consistently thought employers’ affiliations; the abatement in exchange unionists is spread uniformly between office and hands on laborers, people, and increasingly tricky among the more youthful working age who have less respect for associations †a drop in the private division from 78% in 1993 to 65% in 2009 as appeare d in the table above; â€Å"the decline in participation is essentially due to the government’s revisions of the charges to the joblessness benefits in January 2007†, introduced by Kjellberg (2007); the primary goal to fundamentally altering the assets was to â€Å"to convince associations with high store expenses to be progressively moderate in wage negotiations†. Concerning employers’ affiliations, not at all like worker's guilds, its thickness has been fairly steady throughout the years, with just 2% drop from 1995, private division work in 2009 has still got over 75% thickness in employers’ associations.Therefore, when contrasted with Germany, Sweden has a further extent of coordination in adjusting the thickness of the different sides of its modern relations over the course of the years, and has remained rather steady; in the event that not long haul, at that point this somewhat estimates the not so distant fate of these two economies †th e synopsis being Germany turning out to be more market-arranged with less aggregate cooperation of its social accomplices, though the Swedish economy is bound to keep up a planned market in this sense. 2. 3 Decentralization of aggregate bartering In this area we will find that the mechanical relations inside the two nations are getting increasingly decentralized in the second 50% of 21st century as the degree of aggregate haggling diminishes, and along these lines moving further away from an organized market system;The inception of Germany’s decentralization has in reality since a long time ago been seen by analysts since early post-war periods. Many have contended that the fundamental result of this recharging was to maintain a strategic distance from the ascent of another â€Å"centralized super-state†, says Johnson (1973). In trust this will bring isolated forces of enactment, legislative issues and organization between the administration, the unified states and the nearby specialists, to deliver the perfect, ‘good government’. Following such observation, the German economy has been made key alterations in its mechanical relations approaches †expanding its aggregate dealing with opening provisions into understandings inside sectoral level, making terms progressively adaptable and less controversial.This has been viewed as an improvement to keep associations from totally forsaking the use of aggregate conditions. Such conditions were placed into four classifications recorded by Schnabel (1998): 1) Hardship Clauses; empowering organizations to be excluded from certain industry-level dealing when confronting liquidation and give indications of making practical techniques for future. 2) Clauses with Veto Rights; these give social accomplices, for example, supervisors and works board to arrange specific understandings identified with singular firms. 3) Clauses without Veto Rights; in contrast to the past class, these statements en able plant-level social accomplices to end aggregate terms that give indications of insignificance with industry-level understandings. ) Small Enterprise Clauses; giving extraordinary treatment to little organizations confronting monetary downturn by permitting them to set wages underneath the base level which was on the whole settled upon. As far as the conveyance of such opening statements, the IAB Institute for Employment Research (2005) shows that more thanâ â€Å"13% of the organizations reviewed in both eastern and western Germany that are secured by aggregate haggling affirmed that initial provisos exist in their aggregate understandings. Of these foundations, 52% utilized opening provisions in 2005†. Be that as it may, even with such changes in the framework, the utilization of opening provisions will depend intensely on the financial circumstance of the particular association. At the point when the figures are ideal, at that point such provisions will be actualized less often.Compared to its neighboring nations, Sweden has gave early indications of decentralization starting late 1980s with government offering more duties to nearby organization; the most emblematic being the arrival of ‘free communes’, as referenced by De Vries (2000), a framework â€Å"in which a predetermined number of collectives and districts were permitted to apply for administration of state laws, rules and regulations†. Along with the scaled back focal gover

To what degree was the American war an independence war Essay

How much was the American war an autonomy war - Essay Example Numerous settlers moved from Great Britain to pick up autonomy and to look for their very own opportunities that the King George III unmistakably ignored. The longing to colonize the new world by and large implied more freedom and solid earnestness of autonomy (â€Å"Boston Tea Party†). Another underlying driver of the American Revolutionary War was the pilgrim councils that were instituted by the King The establishment of these laws implied that that the states kept on being pass laws and pay expenses to make up the wrongdoings of the Great Britain. Tom Paine’s in his scholarly work the â€Å"common sense† portrayed King George as a â€Å"royal brute.† King George III can be viewed as a â€Å"unfit leader† in numerous angles. Most importantly is the way that he utilized the colonist’s charge cash to subsidize his poor choices as a King yet additionally to pay for his son’s disasters (Meyer 12). Henceforth, the homesteader battled the progressive war to overflow the goals of Democracy and to split away from the customary concealment of the lord. What political undertakings did Mao allot the red armed force? Mao as a pioneer was trained and composed. Subsequently, he doled out numerous political assignments for his military to direct in a productive way. One of the essential focal point of Mao was to join better techniques than rout the Nationalists in common war. In this way, purposeful publicity turned into a vital factor. In addition, he needed to make a solid feeling of control in the military that can join his plan from higher switch to a lower level. His aim was to focus on the ills of the nation itself and use himself as a positive and certain pioneer. Also, Mao needed the red armed force to be amazingly composed and synergistic. His concept of system fanned past the customary procedure (Abbott 19). Mao likewise needed to accelerate the monetary development as the modern turn of events and horticulture was propelled. Since Mao and Stalin didn't confide in one another, China became under the solid control of Mao himself. The Red Army of China turned into his face of intensity all through a large portion of his military vocation. What was more awful was the way that the Red armed force exceeded expectations in shakedown strategies under his incomparable order. In the event that any individual was to challenge Mao’s rule, the person in question would be inconclusively executed. These sort of strategies were adjusted from Stalin and Hitler that Mao used to execute in his red armed force. Albeit later in profession, Mao’s influence over the military was lost, his military kept on having a solid coalition with Russia. His aim was not to revamp China however use his capacity to accumulate a productive armed force that can help him during his need (Abbott 13). Generally, Mao’s power showed itself into the red armed force and turned into the encapsulation of intensity, cer tainty, control and influence for him. What were the key authoritative and vital issues of the US Army in the years following the Vietnam War? The consequence of the key hierarchical and vital issues of the US Army were various. One of the key association issues that Americans had was to build up themselves in the global circle. Another key issue that postured for the Americans was the way that they lost key situation in the circles of containing socialism. The insignificant thought that socialism will keep on flourishing in Asia filled in as a tremendous danger to United States. Undoubtedly, the Vietnam was an ideological

Life on the Road Essay

â€Å"Life on the Road† was as I would like to think written to engage, yet additionally to advise the peruser about a drifters life. The creator clarified the nuts and bolts of his ordinary excursions and how they influenced him. He disclosed how he needed to adjust to specific methods of living, from where he would rest to where he was going to discover food the following day. Shockingly voyaging likewise showed him how to more readily introduce himself. For instance, he figured out how to remain, rather than sit while attempting to get a ride. This demonstrated his assurance and a progressively good self depicted picture. The way of life he was accustomed to living had totally changed. He no longer had extravagances handily gave to him as we Americans do today. I additionally accepted he composed this article with the end goal for us to perceive the little, yet significant factors in life that we typically miss considering the bustling life the majority of us lead now a days. Wertz stated, â€Å"I was gone just three months, however in those three months I felt heart. † (Wertz, 13). His view on society and life changed totally after his experience out and about. Being distant from everyone else on the lanes constrained him to figure out how to battle for himself and figure out how to associate diversely with individuals. All through his experiences he realized there is numerous sorts of individuals. He met exceptionally lovely individuals, excessively cheerful individuals, amazingly discourteous individuals, and unfortunately even individuals enduring more regrettable than he was. Attributes he never realized he had like compassion looked their head out and instructed him that despite the fact that he was battling, there are as yet a gigantic measure of individuals out on the planet that have it more terrible than he. His excursion drove him through numerous difficulties, however essentially showed him all the more how exceptional life truly is.

a great country Review Essay Example

an extraordinary nation Review Paper Exposition on an incredible nation Shockingly simple book as far as perusing both in substance and plan. The creator cautiously separate the content on the dome size of one page which clicked like seeds Toward the start of readings from humor bounty impression that I was sitting in a show of Mikhail Zadornov, mixed with the following arrival of Our Rashi:. - Why do you, Russian, imagine that you are more astute than every other person Maggie reflect and locate the correct answer: We will compose a custom article test on an extraordinary nation Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on an extraordinary nation Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on an extraordinary nation Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer most likely in light of the fact that it is so ?. it ended up being Thomson nothing to cover, and he didn't utter a word more mile and a half - . In any case, why, screwing poop, here smotre the street ?! This is, I surmise, you ought to be in Russian town oyanno watch the street, on the grounds that on it each half-mile swamp, at that point slide the ice sheet, at that point springs up the polar bear! What's more, here (in America), you can rest at eighty miles, rest five oclock and wake up in Texas, and afterward simply because that you push a burger in the container at max throttle Be that as it may, as you read you realize that the writer isn't so shallow joker and the content start married, regardless of the proceeding with simplicity of style, genuinely exact and in some cases miserable considerations about our Russian soul. Why not put the book Excellent and just great? I am persuaded that the writers ability would permit him to compose a great book in the soul of one-story America ​​by Ilf and Petrov (which is conceivable, some place by one way or another normal), yet, concerning me, flighty story with the primary character coincidentally had supplanted the floor and lost his memory, and once in a while frequenting humor isn't a long way from transcending the abdomen, a couple of downplayed the estimation of the Great nation. When all is said in done, the book to peruse I suggest. Mutiple or two of perusing it won't take nights, and between genuine writing may not be the vacant fresh treat

Free Essays on Workforce

For the majority of the twentieth century, it was boundless for some people to be utilized by a partnership and proceed with them for their whole lives. â€Å"It was normal for individuals to begin work with an organization in the sorting room or as a messenger at 15 years old, or considerably more youthful, and to resign at age 65 with 50 years or a greater amount of service†. A significant number of them were known as â€Å"womb to tomb† businesses (Carlson 42). Famous with current convictions, numerous representatives would be employed by an organization, perform to their most noteworthy potential, and secure a vocation forever. To viably deal with any division inside an organization, one was to have information in each part of their area. â€Å"Employees [were] expected to stir their way up through the positions, beginning at passage level positions and increasing more understanding as they were elevated to places of more noteworthy responsibility† (Carlson 42). It was fundamental for a worker to see all parts of their area of expertise to be elevated to a place of administrative or the board. Today, numerous individuals in the workforce may work for a few distinct companies and have many interchange professions for the duration of their lives. These representatives may even work for a contender of a past business they may have had. â€Å"During [these] working years, they get a lot of aptitudes that is the one of a kind gathering of the various occupations that have held and the encounters they have had (Carlson 42). These abilities empower somebody to develop and grow their capacities that may make them more helpful to another business than their own one of a kind. The board in a company might be an ability in itself because of the clear actuality that they might be new to that specific corporation’s items or administrations. This is especially because of numerous directors â€Å"often [being] recruited from outside of the organization for their vision, [their] capacity to accomplish results, or [their] capacity to persuade people† (Carlson 42).... Free Essays on Workforce Free Essays on Workforce For the vast majority of the twentieth century, it was across the board for some people to be utilized by an organization and proceed with them for their whole lives. â€Å"It was normal for individuals to begin work with an organization in the sorting room or as a dispatch at 15 years old, or much more youthful, and to resign at age 65 with 50 years or a greater amount of service†. A considerable lot of them were known as â€Å"womb to tomb† bosses (Carlson 42). Famous with present day convictions, numerous representatives would be recruited by an organization, perform to their most prominent potential, and secure work forever. To successfully deal with any office inside an organization, one was to have information in each part of their segment. â€Å"Employees [were] expected to stir their way up through the positions, beginning at section level positions and increasing more understanding as they were elevated to places of more prominent responsibility† (Carlson 42). It was basic for a representative to see all parts of their area of expertise to be elevated to a place of administrative or the board. Today, numerous individuals in the workforce may work for a few distinct organizations and have many exchange vocations for the duration of their lives. These representatives may even work for a contender of a past manager they may have had. â€Å"During [these] working years, they procure a lot of aptitudes that is the one of a kind gathering of the various employments that have held and the encounters they have had (Carlson 42). These abilities empower somebody to develop and extend their capacities that may make them more valuable to another business than their own one of a kind. The board in an enterprise might be an ability in itself because of the direct certainty that they might be new to that specific corporation’s items or administrations. This is especially because of numerous administrators â€Å"often [being] recruited from outside of the organization for their vision, [their] capacity to accomplish results, or [their] capacity to inspire people† (Carlson 42)....

Forming a Good Hypothesis for Scientific Research

Forming a Good Hypothesis for Scientific Research Basics Print Forming a Good Hypothesis for Scientific Research By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on September 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 02, 2020 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming A  hypothesis  is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more  variables. It is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in a study. For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states, This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep-deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleep-deprived. Lets take a closer look at how a hypothesis is used, formed, and tested in scientific research. How Is a Hypothesis Used in the Scientific Method? In the scientific method, whether it involves research in psychology, biology, or some other area, a hypothesis represents what the researchers think will happen in an experiment.?? The scientific method involves the following steps: Forming a questionPerforming background researchCreating a hypothesisDesigning an experimentCollecting dataAnalyzing the resultsDrawing conclusionsCommunicating the results The hypothesis is what the researchers predict the relationship between two or more variables, but it involves more than a guess. Most of the time, the hypothesis begins with a question which is then explored through background research. It is only at this point that researchers begin to develop a testable hypothesis. In a study exploring the effects of a particular drug, the hypothesis might be that researchers expect the drug to have some type of effect on the symptoms of a specific illness. In psychology, the hypothesis might focus on how a certain aspect of the environment might influence a particular behavior. Unless you are creating a study that is exploratory in nature, your hypothesis should always explain what you  expect  to happen during the course of your experiment or research. Remember, a hypothesis does not have to be correct.?? While the hypothesis predicts what the researchers expect to see, the goal of the research is to determine whether this guess is right or wrong. When conducting an experiment, researchers might explore a number of factors to determine which ones might contribute to the ultimate outcome. In many cases, researchers may find that the results of an experiment  do not  support the original hypothesis. When writing up these results, the researchers might suggest other options that should be explored in future studies. How Do Researchers Come up With a Hypothesis? In many cases, researchers might draw a hypothesis from a specific theory or build on previous research. For example, prior research has shown that stress can impact the immune system. So a researcher might for a specific hypothesis that: People with high-stress levels will be more likely to contract a common cold after being exposed to the virus than are people who have low-stress levels. In other instances, researchers might look at commonly held beliefs or folk wisdom. Birds of a feather flock together is one example of folk wisdom that a psychologist might try to investigate. The researcher might pose a specific hypothesis that People tend to select romantic partners who are similar to them in interests and educational level. Elements of a Good Hypothesis When trying to come up with a good hypothesis for your own research or experiments, ask yourself the following questions: Is your hypothesis based on your research on a topic?Can your hypothesis be tested?Does your hypothesis include independent and dependent variables? Before you come up with a specific hypothesis, spend some time doing background research on your topic. Once you have completed a literature review, start thinking about potential questions you still have. Pay attention to the discussion section in the  journal articles you read. Many authors will suggest questions that still need to be explored. How to Form a Hypothesis The first step of a psychological investigation is to identify an area of interest and develop a hypothesis that can then be tested. While a hypothesis is often described as a hunch or a guess, it is actually much more specific. A hypothesis can be defined as an educated guess about the relationship between two or more variables. For example, a researcher might be interested in the relationship between study habits and  test anxiety. The researcher would propose a hypothesis about how these two variables are related, such as Test anxiety decreases as a result of effective study habits. In order to form a hypothesis, you should take these steps: Start by collecting as many observations about something as you can.Evaluate these observations and look for possible causes of the problem.Create a list of possible explanations that you might want to explore.After you have developed some possible hypotheses, it is important to think of ways that you could confirm or disprove each hypothesis through experimentation. This is known as falsifiability. Falsifiability In the scientific method,  falsifiability  is an important part of any valid hypothesis.?? In order to test a claim scientifically, it must be possible that the claim could also be proven false. Students sometimes confuse the idea of falsifiability with the idea that it means that something is false, which is not the case. What falsifiability means is that  if  something was false, then it is possible to demonstrate that it is false. One of the hallmarks of  pseudoscience  is that it makes claims that cannot be refuted or proven false. The Role of Operational Definitions In the previous example, study habits and test anxiety are the two variables in this imaginary study. A  variable  is a factor or element that can be changed and manipulated in ways that are observable and measurable. However, the researcher must also define exactly what each variable is using what is known as  operational definitions. These definitions explain how the variable will be manipulated and measured in the study. In the previous example, a researcher might operationally define the variable test anxiety  as the results of a self-report measure of anxiety experienced during an exam. The variable study habits might be defined by the amount of studying that actually occurs as measured by time. These precise descriptions of each variable are important because many things can be measured in a number of different ways. One of the basic principles of any type of scientific research is that the results must be replicable.?? By clearly detailing the specifics of how the variables were measured and manipulated, other researchers can better understand the results and repeat the study if needed. Some variables are more difficult than others to define. How would you operationally define a variable such as aggression? For obvious ethical reasons, researchers cannot create a situation in which a person behaves aggressively toward others. In order to measure this variable, the researcher must devise a measurement that assesses aggressive behavior without harming other people. In this situation, the researcher might utilize a simulated task to measure aggressiveness. Examples A hypothesis often follows a basic format of If {this happens} then {this will happen}. One way to structure your hypothesis is to describe what will happen to the  dependent variable  if you make changes to the  independent variable. The basic format might be: If {these changes are made to a certain independent variable}, then we will observe {a change in a specific dependent variable}. A few examples: Students who eat breakfast will perform better on a math exam than students who do not eat breakfast.Students who experience  test anxiety  prior to an English exam will get higher scores than students who do not experience test anxiety.?Motorists who talk on the phone while driving will be more likely to make errors on a driving course than those who do not talk on the phone. A Hypothesis Checklist Does your hypothesis focus on something that you can actually test?Does your hypothesis include both an independent and dependent variable?Can you manipulate the variables?Can your hypothesis be tested without violating ethical standards? Collecting Data on Your Hypothesis Once a researcher has formed a testable hypothesis, the next step is to select a research design and start collecting data. The research method a researcher chooses depends largely on exactly what they are studying. There are two basic types of research methodsâ€"descriptive research and experimental research. Descriptive Research Methods Descriptive research such as  case studies,  naturalistic observations,  and surveys are often used when it would be impossible or difficult to  conduct an experiment.?? These methods are best used to describe different aspects of a behavior or psychological phenomenon. Once a researcher has collected data using descriptive methods, a  correlational study  can then be used to look at how the variables are related. This type of research method might be used to investigate a hypothesis that is difficult to test experimentally. Experimental Research Methods Experimental methods  are used to demonstrate causal relationships between variables. In an experiment, the researcher systematically manipulates a variable of interest (known as the independent variable) and measures the effect on another variable (known as the dependent variable). Unlike correlational studies, which can only be used to determine if there is a relationship between two variables, experimental methods can be used to determine the actual nature of the relationship. That is to say that if changes in one variable actually  cause  another to change. A Word From Verywell The hypothesis is a critical part of any scientific exploration. It represents what researchers expect to find in a study or experiment. In some cases, the original hypothesis will be supported and the researchers will find evidence supporting their expectations about the nature of the relationship between different variables. In other situations, the results of the study might fail to support the original hypothesis. Even in situations where the hypothesis is unsupported by the research, this does not mean that the research is without value. Not only does such research help us better understand how different aspects of the natural world relate to one another, but it also helps us develop new hypotheses that can then be tested in future research.

Mastering the SAT Subject Tests, Easier Than You Think! †Math Level 2

What is the Math Level 2 SAT Subject Test? Are you looking to present college admissions committees with a competitive application for programs in engineering, science, math, finance, or economics? Math is a basis for all of these subjects, and demonstrating mastery in math can really help your applications. By coupling high scores on the SAT or ACT math section, SAT Math Level 2 Subject Test, and an AP math exam, you can bolster your portfolio to impress colleges. In this blog post, we’ll specifically focus on the Math Level 2 SAT Subject Test, and discuss ways to improve your score and go into the exam room feeling confident. What is the Math Level 2 SAT Subject Test? The Math Level 2 exam is structurally the same as the Math Level 1 exam: it’s a 1-hour, 50-question, multiple-choice exam with five answer choices per question and a quarter-point penalty for guessing. Like Math Level 1, you can use a calculator for the entire exam. How is the Level 2 exam related to the Level 1 exam? The topics in Math Level 2 build on the topics from Level 1, so it’s essential that you have a strong understanding of topics in Level 1. As a result, taking practice exams for both Math Level 1 and Level 2 will help prepare you for the exam. This is unlike my advice for students preparing for the Math Level 1 exam (where they should ignore topics that are only covered in Level 2). Make sure to check out my previous blog posts on the Math Level 1 exam and Tips for Getting a Perfect Score on a Standardized Math Test, as all the advice there is applicable to the Math Level 2 exam. Technically, there is one topic in Math Level 1 that is not covered in Math Level 2 (plane Euclidean geometry), but it is conceptually necessary to understand for topics in 3D geometry, which is covered on Math Level 2. What should I study for the test? My previous blog post mentioned topics that are on Math Level 2 and not on Math Level 1, so make sure to check out that list to see what you’ll be missing when taking Level 1 practice exams. Depending on your background, there are some areas that you may not have covered thoroughly in your high school math classes. Many students initially struggle with the statistics and data analysis topics, including least squares regression, standard deviation, and quantiles. Luckily, this is only roughly 10% of the exam. Introducing yourself to these concepts and really understanding stats questions on practice exams will go a long way to filling these gaps that might exist. Another area that sometimes can be tricky for some is the conics section (parabolas, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, etc.). I find that these are covered in most high school curricula but just tend to be a topic you learn once and never come back to. Plus, they’re pretty confusing to being with, since it’s one of the first times students are introduced to non-functions. In these cases, find explanations and practice problems online related to conics to refresh yourself on and to build confidence in the subject. Then, look for these types of questions on practice Math Level 2 Subject Test exams to confirm your understanding. General guidelines for the test Firstly, the tips in my last blog post are still very helpful to the Math Level 2 Subject Test. In particular, I want to reiterate how much time you can save by being comfortable with your calculator and ensuring it is in the exact modes you want it to be in (radians/degrees, graphing window axes, etc.). The last thing you want is to run through calculations and not see your answer listed, spend time figuring out that you were in radian-mode and not degree-mode, and then redo all your calculations. Because the Math Level 2 exam (and all timed math exams) is a test of speed, being confident in your understanding of topics will help you not second-guess yourself and save time. When taking practice exams or even doing homework in your math classes, try solving problems using various approaches. This helps develop a holistic understanding of the topic and builds your confidence in the area. Applying these points to your study habits can really hone into your weaknesses for more efficient studying in the Math Level 2 exams. And make sure to check out my upcoming post on the Physics Subject Test if that’s applicable to you! Interested in connecting with a standardized test prep tutor? ;